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Roles of plant-based ingredients and phytonutrients in canine nutrition and health

The 2021 review article by Tanprasertsuk et al. synthesizes existing research to provide a clear picture of how natural compounds found in fruits, vegetables, and herbs—like carotenoids, polyphenols, and phytosterols—may support dogs' overall well-being.

Last Reviewed Date: 03/06/25

Overview

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Tanprasertsuk, J., et al. (2021). Roles of plant-based ingredients and phytonutrients in canine nutrition and health. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 106, 586–613. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13626.

Insights from a 2021 Review of Plant-Based Ingredients for Dogs

A 2021 review by Tanprasertsuk et al., published in the Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, examines how plant-based ingredients and phytonutrients may benefit canine health. This review article synthesizes existing studies to evaluate the effects of natural compounds found in fruits, vegetables, and herbs—such as carotenoids, polyphenols, and phytosterols—on key aspects of a dog’s health, including immune function, cardiovascular health, and cognitive support.

The Role of Phytonutrients in Canine Health

Phytonutrients, including carotenoids, polyphenols, and phytosterols, are naturally occurring compounds in plants that can offer additional health benefits beyond basic nutrition. While not classified as “essential” nutrients, phytonutrients may support several aspects of a dog’s well-being:

Digestive Health: Certain polyphenols, such as those found in blueberries, may help maintain a balanced gut microbiome, potentially benefiting dogs with gastrointestinal conditions.
Immune Function: Carotenoids like beta-carotene are highlighted for their potential to enhance immune responses in dogs.
Cardiovascular Support: Antioxidant-rich foods such as green tea and flaxseed may help maintain heart health through their ability to reduce oxidative stress.
Cognitive Health: The study notes that antioxidants in ingredients like spinach and tomato pomace could support learning and memory in aging dogs.
Joint Health: Anti-inflammatory compounds, including curcumin found in turmeric, may aid in managing symptoms of osteoarthritis.

Key Findings and Practical Implications

Dogs’ Adaptability to Plant-Based Ingredients

The study reinforces that while dogs are omnivores, they can derive health benefits from both animal- and plant-based sources. Introducing phytonutrient-rich foods into a balanced diet may enhance traditional canine nutrition by providing valuable antioxidants, fibers, and bioactive compounds.

Specific Phytonutrients and Their Benefits

Carotenoids: Present in foods like pumpkin and carrots, these compounds may support immune health and vision.
Polyphenols: Found in ingredients such as blueberries and green tea, polyphenols act as antioxidants and may reduce inflammation.
Phytosterols: Components of flaxseed that may contribute to cardiovascular health by promoting balanced cholesterol levels.

Highlighted Foods for Canine Health

The review points to several safe and beneficial plant-based foods for dogs:

Pumpkin: Offers dietary fiber that may support healthy digestion.
Blueberries: Provide antioxidants that support cognitive and cardiovascular health.
Turmeric: Contains curcumin, noted for its potential anti-inflammatory effects in managing osteoarthritis.
Green Tea: Rich in polyphenols that may benefit the immune system and cognitive function.
Flaxseed: Supplies healthy fats and phytosterols that may help maintain cardiovascular health

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Food Metas

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Food Metas

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248.629	Plant		Plants are living organisms that primarily produce energy through photosynthesis, differentiating them from animals and fungi. They serve as key sources of nutrients such as fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-food-meta&p=248629		The study emphasizes how plant-based ingredients contribute phytonutrients that support digestive, immune, and cardiovascular health in dogs. Incorporating safe plant foods into a dog’s diet can provide natural sources of antioxidants and dietary fiber.

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Food Types

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Food Types

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258.105	Root/ Rhizome		Roots and rhizomes are underground plant structures that store nutrients like carbohydrates and fiber. Common examples include sweet potatoes, turmeric, and ginger. They are used in nutrition for their role in providing energy, supporting digestion, and offering compounds with antioxidant or anti-inflammatory benefits.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-food-type&p=258105		Turmeric, a root mentioned in the study, provides curcumin, which offers anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits for dogs. Roots and rhizomes, like turmeric, can be valuable dietary additions to support inflammation management and overall health.
248.970	Seed/ Nut		Seeds and nuts are nutrient-dense, plant-derived food sources high in healthy fats, proteins, and vitamins such as vitamin E and magnesium.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-food-type&p=248970		Flaxseed, highlighted in the study, is a seed that offers healthy fats and phytosterols supporting cardiovascular health in dogs. Seeds and nuts provide natural sources of beneficial phytonutrients and fibers that align with the study’s findings on canine health.

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Food Components Group

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Food Components Group

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Foods

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Foods

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248.965	Turmeric	Turmeric is the underground stem (rhizome) of a flowering plant in the ginger family. It has a vivid yellow color due to curcumin, a compound noted for its potential to support inflammatory response and antioxidant activity.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-food&p=248965	The study identifies turmeric as a source of curcumin, known for its anti-inflammatory benefits and support for joint and overall health in dogs. Including turmeric in a dog’s diet may help reduce oxidative stress and promote a balanced inflammatory response.
248.964	Pumpkin	Pumpkin is a fruit from the winter squash family, known for its high fiber content and levels of beta-carotene and vitamins A and C.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-food&p=248964	The study highlights pumpkin as a source of dietary fiber, which can support digestive health and promote a balanced gut microbiome in dogs. Pumpkin's fiber content may aid in managing gastrointestinal conditions by improving stool quality and supporting gut health.
261.245	Blueberry	Blueberries are small, nutrient-rich fruits packed with antioxidants like anthocyanins, which support cellular health, reduce inflammation, and promote brain and cognitive function. They are also a source of fiber for digestive health, vitamins for immune support, and carotenoids like lutein for eye health. Low in calories, blueberries make an excellent addition to dog diets as a natural treat or functional ingredient.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-food&p=261245	Blueberries are noted in the study for their rich polyphenol content, offering antioxidant benefits that support immune function and cognitive health in dogs. The study suggests that incorporating blueberries into a dog's diet may help reduce oxidative stress and contribute to overall cellular health.
261.246	Green Tea	Green tea, derived from the leaves of Camellia sinensis, is a natural source of antioxidants and polyphenols, including EGCG, that support dogs’ joint health, immune function, and overall well-being. Its anti-inflammatory properties can help reduce discomfort from conditions like arthritis, while its antioxidants combat oxidative stress to protect cells. When carefully dosed, green tea can also promote cardiovascular and metabolic health, making it a functional ingredient in canine supplements.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-food&p=261246	The study identifies green tea as a source of polyphenols, which provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support for dogs. Green tea's polyphenols may contribute to cardiovascular health and enhance immune function through their cellular protective properties.
248.963	Flaxseed	Flaxseed is a plant-based source of omega-3 fatty acids, primarily ALA, which dogs convert inefficiently, but its combination of soluble and insoluble fiber can make it a beneficial ingredient for supporting digestive health in dogs.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-food&p=248963	The study highlights flaxseed as a beneficial source of healthy fats and phytosterols that support cardiovascular health in dogs. Flaxseed's phytonutrient content may contribute to a balanced diet by promoting healthy cholesterol levels and providing antioxidant benefits.

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Food Components

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Ingredient sources of Roles of plant-based ingredients and phytonutrients in canine nutrition and health

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Nutrients

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Nutrients

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Nutrient Metas

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Nutrients Meta

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Nutrient Classes

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Nutrients Classes

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261.282	Phytochemical		Phytochemicals are naturally occurring, bioactive compounds produced by plants that provide a wide range of health benefits beyond basic nutrition. While they are not classified as essential nutrients like vitamins or minerals, phytochemicals play an important role in promoting overall vitality and addressing specific health concerns in dogs. Their chemical diversity and biological effects make them indispensable in functional nutrition for dogs, especially for managing inflammation, improving digestion, and supporting immune health.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-nutrient-class&p=261282		Phytochemicals, including carotenoids, polyphenols, and phytosterols, are identified in the study as contributing to canine health through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The study suggests that including phytochemicals in a dog’s diet may support immune function, reduce inflammation, and promote overall well-being.

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Nutrient Types

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Nutrients Types

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261.270	Carotenoids		Carotenoids are pigments in plants that provide orange, red, and yellow colors and act as antioxidants. Some, like beta-carotene, can be converted into vitamin A, supporting vision and immune health.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-nutrient-type&p=261270		The study highlights carotenoids, including beta-carotene, for their role in supporting immune health and potentially enhancing skin and eye function in dogs. Carotenoids act as antioxidants, helping to reduce oxidative stress and support overall cellular health.
261.271	Polyphenols		Polyphenols are plant-based antioxidants that help combat oxidative stress and inflammation. Found in berries, green tea, and certain vegetables, they may support heart health, brain function, and immune response.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-nutrient-type&p=261271		The study highlights polyphenols for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting immune health, gut health, and reducing inflammation in dogs. Polyphenols found in foods like blueberries and green tea may offer specific benefits for dogs, including cellular protection and support for cognitive function.

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Nutrient Sub-Types

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Nutrients Sub-Types

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General Health Topics

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General Health Topics

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260.977	Immune System	The immune system is a dog’s natural defense network, protecting against infections, parasites, and chronic diseases. A balanced immune response helps fight off pathogens while preventing autoimmune reactions and inflammatory conditions. Disorders of the immune system can lead to chronic infections, allergies, or immune-mediated diseases.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-general-health-to&p=260977	The study highlights beta-carotene's potential to enhance immune responses in dogs, supporting overall immune system health. Polyphenols found in foods like blueberries may contribute to immune function by acting as antioxidants and reducing cellular stress.
249.038	Inflammation	Inflammation is the body's biological response to harmful stimuli such as injury, infection, or toxins. It involves immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular signals working to repair tissue and defend against threats. In dogs, while acute inflammation is beneficial for healing, chronic inflammation can contribute to diseases like osteoarthritis, allergies, and cardiovascular issues, causing ongoing damage to tissues and organs.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-general-health-to&p=249038	Phytonutrients such as curcumin (from turmeric) are noted in the study for their anti-inflammatory effects, which may help manage chronic inflammation in dogs. The antioxidant properties of polyphenols can mitigate inflammation at a cellular level, contributing to a balanced inflammatory response.
261.112	Cardiovascular & Blood	The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels, which transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. Blood health is equally important, as it carries immune cells, regulates clotting, and removes waste. Conditions like heart disease, anemia, or blood clotting disorders can severely impact a dog’s energy, endurance, and longevity.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-general-health-to&p=261112	The study suggests that antioxidant-rich foods like green tea and flaxseed may support cardiovascular health by reducing oxidative stress. Phytosterols found in flaxseed could contribute to balanced cholesterol levels, promoting heart health in dogs.
261.113	Neurological & Cognitive	The neurological and cognitive systems control a dog’s movement, behavior, and mental function. Disorders affecting the brain, spinal cord, or nerves—such as seizures, degenerative diseases, or cognitive dysfunction—can impact coordination, memory, and overall well-being. Mental enrichment and early intervention help manage many neurological conditions.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-general-health-to&p=261113	Antioxidants in phytonutrients, particularly those in blueberries and spinach, may support cognitive function and reduce age-related decline in dogs. The study highlights the potential of polyphenols to improve learning and memory, particularly in senior dogs.
261.115	Digestion & Gastrointestinal	The digestive and gastrointestinal systems break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste. When disrupted by inflammation, infection, or food sensitivities, they can cause discomfort, nutrient deficiencies, and broader health issues. Healthy digestion is essential to a dog’s overall well-being.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-general-health-to&p=261115	Certain polyphenols, such as those found in blueberries, may promote a balanced gut microbiome, contributing to digestive health. The study indicates that dietary fiber from foods like pumpkin can support healthy digestion and reduce gastrointestinal discomfort.
261.110	Cancer & Tumors	Cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, forming tumors that can affect a dog’s organs, skin, or blood. Some cancers are benign, while others spread aggressively and impact overall health. Early detection, dietary support, and integrative treatments can help improve a dog’s quality of life and treatment outcomes.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-general-health-to&p=261110	Phytonutrients like lycopene may influence cancer cell behavior, potentially offering supportive care strategies for dogs with cancer. Antioxidant-rich foods mentioned in the study may help reduce oxidative stress, which is associated with cancer progression.
247.588	Joint & Musculoskeletal	The joint and musculoskeletal system provides the strength, stability, and mobility that dogs rely on for everything from running and jumping to maintaining posture and balance. This system includes bones, joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments, all working together to support movement. Over time, wear, injuries, or genetic conditions can lead to pain, stiffness, or reduced mobility, impacting a dog’s quality of life. Proactive care, therapeutic interventions, and lifestyle strategies can help support musculoskeletal health and keep dogs moving comfortably as they age.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-general-health-to&p=247588	Curcumin, a phytonutrient found in turmeric, may provide anti-inflammatory support for joint health in dogs, particularly those with osteoarthritis. The study suggests that incorporating phytonutrient-rich foods into a diet may complement traditional joint health treatments.

Health Conditions

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Health Conditions

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261.156	Osteosarcoma	Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone cancer in dogs, most commonly affecting the long bones of large and giant breeds. It often presents as swelling and lameness, and it has a high risk of spreading to the lungs. Treatment typically involves limb amputation and chemotherapy, with pain management playing a crucial role in care.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-health-condition&p=261156	The study discusses how certain phytonutrients, including lycopene, may influence cancer cell behavior, potentially offering supportive care strategies for conditions like osteosarcoma. Antioxidants in plant-based ingredients may help reduce oxidative stress, which is a contributing factor in cancer progression.
247.698	Osteoarthritis	Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that causes the gradual breakdown of cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It can affect dogs at any age but is more common in older dogs.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-health-condition&p=247698	Curcumin, identified in the study as a beneficial compound, may help reduce joint inflammation and improve comfort in dogs with osteoarthritis. Incorporating phytonutrient-rich foods like turmeric into a canine diet may support traditional treatments for joint health.
261.148	Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD)		https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-health-condition&p=261148	The study indicates that antioxidant-rich diets, including ingredients like spinach and tomato pomace, may help maintain cognitive function in aging dogs. Polyphenols may contribute to reduced oxidative stress in the brain, supporting dogs with cognitive challenges like CCD.
261.169	Colitis (Chronic Diarrhea & Gut Inflammation)	Colitis is inflammation of the colon that causes chronic diarrhea, mucus in stools, and abdominal discomfort. It can result from stress, infections, food intolerances, or inflammatory bowel disease. Dietary management and gut-supportive therapies help control symptoms.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-health-condition&p=261169	The study highlights how polyphenols can positively influence gut health by promoting a balanced microbiome, potentially benefiting dogs with colitis. Fiber from plant-based ingredients, such as pumpkin, may aid in managing chronic gut inflammation.
261.172	Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)	IBD is a chronic immune-mediated condition causing inflammation in the digestive tract, leading to vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and food intolerances. The exact cause is unknown, but diet, gut bacteria imbalances, and genetics play a role. Treatment involves dietary adjustments and immune-modulating therapies.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-health-condition&p=261172	Polyphenols mentioned in the study may help manage inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, providing supportive care for dogs with IBD. The study suggests that a balanced gut microbiome, supported by phytonutrients, may reduce symptoms of IBD in dogs.
261.173	Pancreatitis	Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute (a sudden, severe episode, often triggered by rich, fatty foods like table scraps) or chronic (a recurring condition that leads to lasting pancreatic damage over time). Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, lethargy, and loss of appetite. Some dogs are prone to recurrent flare-ups, especially those with a history of digestive issues, obesity, or metabolic disorders. Treatment includes supportive care, strict dietary management, and sometimes hospitalization for severe cases.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-health-condition&p=261173	The study suggests that dietary fiber from safe fruits and vegetables may support digestive health and manage symptoms of pancreatitis. Antioxidants found in plant-based foods could help reduce inflammation associated with pancreatitis.
261.121	Canine Atopic Dermatitis (Environmental Allergies)		https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-health-condition&p=261121	Beta-carotene and other antioxidants may support skin health and reduce inflammatory responses associated with atopic dermatitis. The study highlights the anti-inflammatory potential of phytonutrients, which may help manage symptoms of environmental allergies in dogs.

Therapeutic Interventions

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Therapeutic Interventions

Lifestyle Strategies

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Lifestyle Strategies

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261.224	Digestive Supplements	Digestion supplements support gut health, nutrient absorption, and balanced digestion, especially for dogs with sensitive stomachs or chronic conditions like IBD or pancreatitis. Probiotics, enzymes, and fiber-based supplements help maintain a strong digestive system and prevent issues like diarrhea, constipation, and bloating.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-lifestyle-strateg&p=261224	The study highlights the role of polyphenols and dietary fiber in promoting gut health, which aligns with the goals of many digestive supplements for dogs. Supplements containing natural ingredients like pumpkin may provide the phytonutrients and fibers discussed in the study to support a balanced gut microbiome.
261.225	Joint Supplements	Joint supplements focus on reducing inflammation, supporting cellular health, and promoting connective tissue resilience, rather than just masking discomfort. Functional ingredients like omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and bioavailable proteins help protect joint structures and maintain mobility as dogs age.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-lifestyle-strateg&p=261225	Curcumin, noted in the study for its anti-inflammatory properties, is often included in joint supplements to help manage inflammation and support joint mobility. The study’s findings suggest that phytonutrients could enhance the effectiveness of joint health supplements by contributing to reduced oxidative stress and inflammation.
261.220	Stress Reduction & Anxiety Management	Chronic stress and anxiety disrupt a dog’s emotional balance, immune function, digestion, and long-term health. Supporting emotional well-being through a stable environment, physical and mental enrichment, and targeted nutrition helps dogs feel secure and resilient. Stress management isn’t just about calming behaviors—it’s about creating a lifestyle that reduces unnecessary tension and fosters confidence.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-lifestyle-strateg&p=261220	While the study focuses on physical health, the antioxidant benefits of polyphenols may also support mental well-being by reducing oxidative stress, potentially aligning with stress management strategies for dogs. Incorporating phytonutrient-rich foods into a dog’s diet could provide supportive care alongside behavioral strategies for anxiety management.
261.226	Species-Appropriate Diet	A species-appropriate diet aligns with a dog’s biological needs, focusing on high-quality proteins, healthy fats, and bioavailable nutrients while avoiding processed fillers that can contribute to inflammation. This approach supports digestion, immune function, and long-term health by providing nutrients in their most natural and usable form.	https://www.bernies.com/?post_type=bu-lifestyle-strateg&p=261226	The study reinforces that dogs can benefit from a balanced diet that includes safe plant-based ingredients, contributing to a well-rounded, species-appropriate diet. Phytonutrients from fruits, vegetables, and herbs can complement a dog’s primary nutrition by offering additional health benefits beyond basic nutrients.

Blog Articles

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Blog Articles

General Health Topics

Health Conditions

Therapeutic Interventions

Lifestyle Strategies

INGREDIENTS:

Foods

Food Components

Nutrients

FOOD CATEGORIES:

Food Metas

Food Types

Food Component Groups

NUTRIENT CATEGORIES:

Nutrient Meta

Nutrient Classes

Nutrient Types

Nutrient Sub-Types

General Health Topics

Health Conditions

Therapeutic Interventions

Lifestyle Strategies

INGREDIENTS:

Foods

Food Components

Nutrients

FOOD CATEGORIES:

Food Metas

Food Types

Food Component Groups

NUTRIENT CATEGORIES:

Nutrient Meta

Nutrient Classes

Nutrient Types

Nutrient Sub-Types

General Health Topics

Health Conditions

Therapeutic Interventions

Lifestyle Strategies

INGREDIENTS:

Foods

Food Components

Nutrients

FOOD CATEGORIES:

Food Metas

Food Types

Food Component Groups

NUTRIENT CATEGORIES:

Nutrient Meta

Nutrient Classes

Nutrient Types

Nutrient Sub-Types

General Health Topics

Health Conditions

Therapeutic Interventions

Lifestyle Strategies

INGREDIENTS:

Foods

Food Components

Nutrients

FOOD CATEGORIES:

Food Metas

Food Types

Food Component Groups

NUTRIENT CATEGORIES:

Nutrient Meta

Nutrient Classes

Nutrient Types

Nutrient Sub-Types

Roles of plant-based ingredients and phytonutrients in canine nutrition and health

Contents

Overview

Insights from a 2021 Review of Plant-Based Ingredients for Dogs

The Role of Phytonutrients in Canine Health

Key Findings and Practical Implications

Dogs’ Adaptability to Plant-Based Ingredients

Specific Phytonutrients and Their Benefits

Highlighted Foods for Canine Health

Food Metas

Food Types

Food Components Group