Neurological & Cognitive

At a Glance

Acupuncture is a treatment that uses carefully selected points on the body to communicate with the nervous system. These points are chosen because they are especially good at sending signals through nerves and connective tissue. Stimulating them can affect how the brain processes pain, muscle tension, and inflammation. For this reason, acupuncture is often used as a supportive therapy alongside other veterinary care.

At a Glance

Amantadine is a medication prescribed in dogs to help make chronic pain easier to control, especially when other pain medications are not enough on their own. It works on the nervous system rather than directly treating inflammation or joint disease.

At a Glance

Mental enrichment keeps dogs engaged and prevents boredom, frustration, and cognitive decline by encouraging problem-solving and natural instincts. Activities like puzzle toys, scent work, training, and interactive play stimulate a dog’s brain, reducing anxiety and promoting overall well-being.

At a Glance

This 2013 review looks at the possible risks of omega-3 fatty acids in dogs and cats, especially EPA and DHA from fish oil. While omega-3s are commonly used to support skin, joint, heart, and kidney health, the authors explain that high amounts can sometimes cause issues like GI upset, changes in clotting, oxidative stress, immune shifts, or slower wound healing. The paper also stresses that plant-based ALA is not the same as EPA and DHA, so the source of omega-3s matters when considering both benefits and risks.

At a Glance

The 2021 review article by Tanprasertsuk et al. synthesizes existing research to provide a clear picture of how natural compounds found in fruits, vegetables, and herbs—like carotenoids, polyphenols, and phytosterols—may support dogs' overall well-being.

At a Glance

This 2018 review explains how pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy delivers carefully timed bursts of electromagnetic energy to stimulate tissue repair. Evidence supports its use in bone healing, osteoarthritis, wound healing, and post-operative pain and swelling. The paper emphasizes that different PEMF devices vary widely in waveform design, which determines whether they efficiently trigger biological cascades such as nitric oxide signaling. Veterinary studies are promising, but more controlled trials are needed to guide routine use.