Apoquel/ Oclacitinib (JAK Inhibitor)

At a Glance

Cancer and tumors occur when normal controls on cell growth and repair fail, allowing abnormal cells to multiply and survive. Some tumors form localized masses that are benign, while malignant tumors are cancers that can invade and spread. Not all cancers create a discrete lump; blood and lymphoid cancers can involve bone marrow, blood, or lymph nodes without a single solid mass.

At a Glance

The immune system is a complex, body-wide network that protects dogs from infections, helps resolve injury, and monitors for internal abnormalities. It also plays a role in regulating inflammation and maintaining tolerance to non-harmful exposures such as food proteins or pollen. A well-regulated immune system allows dogs to recover from illness efficiently and respond appropriately to everyday challenges without damaging healthy tissue.

At a Glance

Infectious diseases in dogs are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites and can spread through direct contact, contaminated surfaces, insect vectors, or bodily fluids. Some infections, like kennel cough, cause mild symptoms, while others, such as rabies and parvovirus, can be fatal. Preventive strategies like thoughtful vaccination, parasite control, and good hygiene are essential for reducing infection risk and protecting overall health.

At a Glance

Inflammation is the body's biological response to harmful stimuli such as injury, infection, or toxins. It involves immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular signals working to repair tissue and defend against threats. In dogs, while acute inflammation is beneficial for healing, chronic inflammation can contribute to diseases like osteoarthritis, allergies, and cardiovascular issues, causing ongoing damage to tissues and organs.

At a Glance

A dog’s skin and coat are vital to its overall health, providing protection, temperature regulation, and sensory functions. Healthy skin and a shiny coat are often signs of proper nutrition and care. Issues such as dryness, itching, or excessive shedding may indicate underlying health problems like allergies or infections. Maintaining good skin and coat health is key to a dog’s comfort and well-being, making it an important aspect of overall care.

At a Glance

Canine Atopic Dermatitis (Environmental Allergies) is a long-term allergic reaction to airborne triggers like pollen, dust mites, or mold, leading to chronic itching, skin infections, and ear problems.

At a Glance

Food allergies and sensitivities are adverse reactions to ingredients in the diet, but they differ in their underlying cause. Food allergies involve an immune response and can result in symptoms like itching, ear infections, or gastrointestinal upset. Food sensitivities, by contrast, stem from poor digestion or gut imbalance and typically cause more localized, digestive symptoms. While allergies tend to be consistent and long-term, sensitivities may improve over time with digestive support.

At a Glance

Hot Spots (Acute Moist Dermatitis) are inflamed, infected patches of skin that develop rapidly due to excessive licking, scratching, or moisture trapped in the coat. They’re common in thick-coated or allergy-prone dogs.