Insulin Hormone Replacement Therapy

At a Glance

The endocrine and metabolic systems regulate how a dog’s body produces energy, maintains tissues, and responds to changing internal conditions. The endocrine system is made up of hormone-producing glands such as the thyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands, and pituitary. These glands release chemical signals that travel through the bloodstream and instruct cells how quickly to use energy, store nutrients, and repair tissues. Because hormones influence nearly every organ, disruptions in endocrine signaling often appear as patterns of changes across the body, affecting energy levels, body weight, skin and coat health, digestion, immune function, and stress responses.